On the linear elastic responses of the 2D bonded discrete element model     

Gao-Feng Zhao  Qiuyue Yin  Adrian R. Russell  Yingchun Li  Wei Wu  Qin Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):166-182

The bonded discrete element model (DEM) is a numerical tool that is becoming widely used when studying fracturing, fragmentation, and failure of solids in various disciplines. However, its abilities to solve elastic problems are usually overlooked. In this work, the main features of the 2D bonded DEM which influence Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus, and accuracy when solving elastic boundary value problems, are investigated. Outputs of numerical simulations using the 2D bonded DEM, the finite element method, a hyper elasticity analysis, and the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) are compared in the investigation. It is shown that a shear interaction (local) factor and a geometric (global) factor are two essential elements for the 2D bonded DEM to reproduce a full range of Poisson's ratios. It is also found that the 2D bonded DEM might be unable to reproduce the correct displacements for elastic boundary value problems when the represented Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5 or the long-range interaction is considered. In addition, an analytical relationship between the shear stiffness ratio and the Poisson's ratio, derived from a hyper elasticity analysis and applicable to discontinuum-based models, provides good agreement with outputs from the 2D bonded DEM and DLSM. Finally, it is shown that the selection of elastic parameters used the 2D bonded DEM has a significant effect on fracturing and fragment patterns of solids.  相似文献   

几种虾蛄生物学特性和繁殖生物学研究进展     

赵旺  杨其彬  陈旭  陈明强  温为庚 《海洋科学》2019,43(4):105-114

虾蛄(Squillidae)是重要的水产增养殖品种。目前针对虾蛄类的研究主要集中在其基础生物学和繁殖生物学方面,其中在虾蛄的纳精结构、性腺发育和幼体发育等研究方面还存在诸多分歧。作者综述了几种虾蛄类,如口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、黑斑口虾蛄(O. kempi)、猛虾蛄(Harpiosquilla harpax)和棘突猛虾蛄(H. raphidea)的资源分布、生活习性、亲本、性腺和幼体发育等研究成果,以期为虾蛄繁殖生物学和人工育苗的深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

氨氮急性攻毒对水产经济动物棘胸蛙(Paa spinosa)蝌蚪死亡率、排氨率、耗氧率及窒息点的影响     

牛春格  杨程  申屠琰  郑晓静  王志铮 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(1):188-196

以体长(1.932±0.204)cm、体质量(1.386±0.055)g的棘胸蛙蝌蚪为实验动物,在水温(24±0.2)℃、DO(7.30±0.01)mg/L、pH 7.30±0.01条件下,采用静水停食法开展了氨氮对蝌蚪的急性攻毒实验,并以此为基础,测定了不同氨氮质量浓度胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪的排氨率、耗氧率、氧氮比及窒息点。结果表明:(1)蝌蚪对氨氮急性攻毒具明显的运动避毒行为,濒死个体的背部皮肤和肝脏均具明显的色变症状;(2)氨氮对蝌蚪的急性致死率具明显的剂量—时间效应,24h、48h、72h、96h LC50依次为177.5、151.7、148.6和146.8mg/L,毒性时段蓄积程度系数呈持续下降趋势,24—48h、48—72h、72—96h的时段MAC值分别为84.04%、10.1%和5.86%;(3)蝌蚪夜均、昼均、日均及时段排氨率随氨氮质量浓度增加均呈阶梯式下降趋势,其中时段排氨率与对照组均无显著差异的为9.80mg/L实验组,夜均、昼均、日均及时段排氨率与对照组均无显著差异的仅为2.45mg/L实验组(P0.05);(4)氨氮对蝌蚪呼吸耗氧具低毒兴奋效应,其夜均、昼均和日均耗氧率随氨氮质量浓度增加均呈先升后降趋势,峰值氨氮质量浓度范围均为4.90—7.35mg/L(P0.05),与对照组均无显著差异的仅为14.70mg/L实验组(P0.05),窒息点含氧量随氨氮质量浓度增加呈先降后升趋势,谷底出现于4.90mg/L实验组(P0.05),与对照组无显著差异的仅为9.80mg/L实验组(P0.05);(5)实验期间,蝌蚪氧氮比(O:N)波动于18.87—25.34之间,昼均和日均氧氮比(O:N)随氨氮质量浓度增加均依次呈"上升—稳定—下降—再稳定"之趋势,两者的峰值氨氮质量浓度范围分别为4.90—14.70mg/L和4.90—9.80mg/L,夜均氧氮比(O:N)呈先升后降趋势,峰值出现于7.35mg/L实验组(P0.05)。  相似文献   

华北克拉通西部块体北缘及邻区地壳厚度与泊松比分布特征     

杨彦明  陈婧  熊峰  张云  马援  贾昕晔  贾彦杰 《地震》2019,39(2):97-109

收集了2010—2011年华北克拉通西部块体北缘及邻区布设的36个流动地震台和2009—2016年内蒙古自治区数字地震台网17个宽频带固定地震台站的远震事件波形数据, 采用接收函数H-κ算法分析获得了53个基岩台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比结果。 此外, 结合已有的81个台站的研究成果, 给出华北克拉通西部块体北缘及邻区地壳厚度与泊松比分布特征。 综合分析认为, 研究区地壳厚度在整体上呈现自东向西渐变的特征, 最厚的地方出现在华北克拉通西端的阿拉善地块(～48.7±3.0 km)。 研究区平均泊松比为0.27, 泊松比高值异常出现在河套断陷带, 意味着可能具有较高的地壳温度或者存在壳内部分熔融。 研究区内不同构造单元呈现出显著的地壳厚度和泊松比分布特征的差异性, 意味着在华北克拉通构造演化过程中, 不同地区经历了不同的地壳改造过程。  相似文献   

唐山震区上地壳平均波速比分析     

信世民  郭学增  刘静  张蕾  李瑞卿 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(3):15-20

收集河北地震台网记录的唐山震区2012-2016年M_L ≥ 1.0地震，选取震源深度5-10 km、波形信噪比较高的波形数据，拾取直达P波、S波震相到时，利用和达法计算平均波速比，并分析研究区平均波速比水平分布特征与时变特征，结果表明：唐山震区上地壳平均波速比约为1.71，且水平分布呈区域化特征，反映了研究区复杂的地壳结构。研究区内3次M_L ≥ 4.0地震前，波速比曲线均呈较显著的下降-低值-回升形态，表明该区平均波速比变化可能具有一定地球物理异常特征。  相似文献   

固结时间对软土动力特性影响的试验研究     

兰景岩  王延伟  曹振中  刘娟 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):742-749

固结试验是研究软土动力特性的重要环节，固结时间是影响软土动力特征参数的重要因素。围绕岩土工程及科研工作中对动三轴试验中固结时间影响规律的认识较为模糊的问题，拟对天津滨海软土开展动三轴平行试验，分别采用8h、12h、24h、48h进行固结，针对软土的最大动剪切模量G_max、最大阻尼比λ_max及动剪切模量比G_d/G_max和阻尼比λ随动剪切应变γ_d的变化规律，分析固结时间对软土动力特性参数的影响。试验结果表明:G_max、λ_max、G_d/G_max-γ_d曲线、λ-γ_d曲线受固结时间的影响较为显著。G_d/G_max-γ_d曲线随着固结时间的增加而减小。阻尼比试验结果表明动剪切应变存在明显的分界点，分界点以下，中长期固结时间所得阻尼比较大，而分界点以上，短期固结时间所得阻尼比较大。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Vegetation Carbon,Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in a Tamarix chinensis Coastal Wetland of China     

Linping Xie  Baodong Wang  Ming Xin  Min Wang  Xiuping He  Qinsheng Wei  Xiaoyong Shi  Xia Sun 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(9)

Variations in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the vegetation in a Tamarix chinensis coastal wetland located in Laizhou Bay, China, are analyzed. It is found that T. chinensis accumulates more C and N than the surrounding herbs, and it allocates more C and N in the aboveground parts but less in the roots. Branches store more C, whereas leaves and flowers accumulate more N than other tissues. The C and N contents in the aboveground parts of T. chinensis are mainly influenced by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, and clay content in the top 100 cm of soil as well as the distance from the sea. For the herbs, their C contents vary little in the supratidal zone, but they are higher than those in the intertidal zone. However, N contents in the herbs are higher in the aboveground parts and varied among different communities. The contents of C and N in the herbs are affected by EC, water content as well as the contents of organic C and total nitrogen (TN) in the top 10 cm of soil. The findings confirm that increasing the biomass of T. chinensis is an effective way to increase C sequestration in temperate coastal wetland.  相似文献   

基于Bagging集成学习算法的地震事件性质识别分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任涛  林梦楠  陈宏峰  王冉冉  李松威  刘晓雨  刘杰 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):383-392

地震台网在监测地震的同时记录到的非天然震动事件会对后续的科研和预报工作造成较大的影响,因此快速准确的对天然震动事件与非天然震动事件加以区分就显得尤为重要.本文针对传统人工方法识别地震事件性质的不足之处,采用Bagging机器学习算法对地震事件性质进行区分.首先选取震中距范围在80～200km内的地震数据,之后采用AIC算法自动识别P波到时,进而用处理后的数据训练模型,最后使用测试数据对模型进行评估,准确率可达85%以上.因此,本文提出的方法可以有效地对天然震动事件与非天然震动事件加以区分.  相似文献   

基于误差分布的震源区波速比反演及其应用:乳山震群源区介质性质变化研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑建常  李冬梅 《地球物理学报》2019,62(5):1693-1703

本文利用误差分布和概率统计分析改进了波速比计算方法.对于震源位置相对集中的震群活动,对台站震相到时进行两次差分,通过对差分后的震相数据对进行二维高斯分布拟合,可以稳健地估计震群活动震源区波速比.该方法充分利用了不同台站Pg、Sg到时差的所有信息,其优势是不需要地震事件的震源位置,并且不依赖震源区以外的速度变化,有效消除了震源区到台站的传播路径效应的影响;相对于传统的平均波速比,本文方法得到的震源区波速比,更能真实地反映震源区介质的性质.我们将该方法应用到2013—2016年的乳山震群,结果显示:震源区波速比的变化与震群活动过程密切相关,波速比的变化反映了序列活动的阶段性特征.  相似文献   

Mid-late Holocene anthropogenic and natural variations in geochemistry and sedimentation in the Yazoo Basin: Clark Lake,Sharkey County,Mississippi     

Stan Galicki  Maria Bujenovic  Theresa Woehnker  Jeb Galtney  Trevor Galicki 《自然地理学》2019,40(3):209-226

A 4000-yr history at Clark Lake reveals natural variations in sediment geochemistry and nutrient levels and anthropogenic influence on twentieth century sedimentation rates. Sediment texture and ridge and swale topography indicate that the channel system creating Clark Lake is now occupied by the Yazoo River. Between 1.24 and 0.60 m (2522–865 cal yr BP), total carbon percentages and the C/N ratio average 42% and 17, respectively. The base of the 1650-yr interval and onset of high organic activity in the lake coincides with the abandonment of the Yazoo Meander Belt. The top of the interval is marked by a drop in C/N ratio to 11 and a geochemical transition zone. No change in the rate of sediment accumulation or clay mineralogy was observed despite increased cumulative percentages of Al, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ca, and Na. The decrease in organic activity at 865 cal yr BP is attributed to unfavorable growth conditions related to the entrenchment of the Yazoo River and changes in the hydroperiod of the area. Significant floodplain alteration was completed in 1978, but the only major effect was increased sedimentation in the late twentieth century due to the completion of the Whittington Auxiliary Channel.  相似文献